Missed our webinar with Dr. Mojca Cerovšek, DVM? No worries—we’ve put together a short, clear summary of the key insights on why the gut microbiota is the “heart” of a dog’s immune system.

What is gut microbiota?

As Dr. Cerovšek explained, microbiota isn’t just a technical term—it’s a community of billions of microorganisms (mainly bacteria) living in your dog’s body. The highest concentration is found in the large intestine.

Balance is key:

Most bacteria are beneficial and live in harmony with the dog.
When this balance is disrupted and harmful bacteria take over, dysbiosis occurs.

Why is microbiota so important?

Dr. Cerovšek highlighted three essential functions without which a dog’s body cannot function properly:

Natural defense: beneficial bacteria create an environment (acidity) that prevents harmful microbes from overgrowing.
Protective barrier: bacteria produce fatty acids that keep the gut lining strong. When balance is disrupted, “leaky gut” can develop, allowing various substances to pass into the body.
Immune regulation: a large part of the immune system resides in the gut. Bacteria help calm excessive immune responses, which is key to maintaining overall health.

What most commonly disrupts gut balance?

During the webinar, we pointed out the main causes of imbalance:

Diet: a monotonous, fiber-poor diet “starves” beneficial bacteria. Greater variety (introduced gradually!) supports a healthier microbiome.
Stress: not just negative stress—even excitement (eustress) or hormonal changes (heat cycles) can affect balance.
Antibiotics: even a few days of use can significantly alter the microbiota, and restoring balance may take weeks.
Early life: microbiota is influenced by birth conditions and early contact with nature (soil).

What can dog owners do?

Gut health is built over time. Dr. Cerovšek recommends:

Fiber is essential: vegetables and natural fiber sources are “fuel” for beneficial bacteria.
Balanced variety: rotating ingredients helps strengthen resilience.
Stress management: a calm environment supports a calm gut.

The gut microbiota isn’t static—it’s a dynamic, living ecosystem. When balanced, it supports the whole body; when disrupted, issues often show up where you least expect them.

Understanding how the gut works is the first step toward a healthy, happy dog—an idea that lies at the core of Pawital and our work.